(a) (i) An organic compound (X) having molecular formula $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{10}\text{O}$ can show various properties depending on its structures. Draw each of the structures if it :
(I) shows Cannizzaro reaction. (1)
(II) reduces Tollens' reagent and has a chiral carbon. (1)
(III) gives positive...
CBSE CLASS 12 • CHEMISTRY • CHAPTER 08
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
192 distinct questions across 259 board paper set appearances (2022–2026).
(a) (i) How will you bring about the following conversions :
(I) Bromobenzene to 1-phenylethanol
(II) Benzene to m-nitroacetophenone
(ii) An organic compound with the molecular formula $\text{C}_8\text{H}_8\text{O}$ forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens' reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction...
Which of the reactions is used in the conversion of a ketone into hydrocarbon ?
(A) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(B) Wolff-Kishner reduction
(C) Aldol condensation
(D) Stephen reaction
The major product of carbylamine reaction is :
(A) Carboxylic acid
(B) Aldehyde
(C) Cyanide
(D) Isocyanide
Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols can be distinguished by :
(A) Lucas test
(B) Fehling's test
(C) Tollens' test
(D) Hinsberg's test
Assertion (A) : Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
Reason (R) : Carboxyl group is deactivating and the catalyst aluminium chloride gets bonded to carboxyl group.
(b) (i) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions : Butanone, Propanone, Propanal, Ethanal
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}$ and $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}$ can be distinguished by :
(A) Sodium bicarbonate test
(B) Hinsberg test
(C) Iodoform test
(D) Lucas test
Assertion (A) : The solubility of aldehydes and ketones in water decreases with increase in size of the alkyl group.
Reason (R) : Aldehydes and ketones have dipole-dipole interaction.
How will you bring about the following conversions ? (any three) (a) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde (b) Ethanal to Propanone (c) Acetophenone to Benzoic acid (d) Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol
(a) (i) Explain with the help of chemical reaction when:
(I) Acetone is treated with semicarbazide.
(II) Two molecules of benzaldehyde are treated with conc. $\text{NaOH}$.
(III) Butan-2-one is treated with $\text{Zn/Hg}$ and conc. $\text{HCl}$.
(ii) Arrange the following in the increasing order of ...
(a) Explain why :
(i) Carboxyl group in benzoic acid is meta directing.
(ii) Sodium bisulphite is used for the purification of aldehydes and ketones.
(iii) Carboxylic acids do not give characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.
OR
(b) An organic compound ‘A’, having the molecular formula $\text{C}_...
(a) (i) Write the reaction involved in Cannizaro's reaction. (ii) Why are the boiling point of aldehydes and ketones lower than that of corresponding carboxylic acids ? (iii) An organic compound 'A' with molecular formula $\text{C}_5\text{H}_8\text{O}_2$ is reduced to n-pentane with hydrazine follow...
Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one can be distinguished by :
(a) Fehling's test
(b) Sodium bicarbonate test
(c) Tollens' test
(d) Iodoform test
(a) Compound A undergoes Rosenmund reduction to give compound B with molecular formula $\text{C}_7\text{H}_6\text{O}$. Compound B does not give Fehling's test but reacts with conc. $\text{NaOH}$ to give C and D. Identify A, B, C and D and write all the reactions involved. Write one chemical test to ...
An organic compound 'X' with the molecular formula $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{10}\text{O}$ forms 2,4-DNP derivative, does not reduce Tollens' reagent but gives positive iodoform test on heating with $\text{I}_2$ in the presence of $\text{NaOH}$. Compound 'X' gives ethanoic acid and propanoic acid on vigor...
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are some of the important classes of organic compounds containing carbonyl group. These are highly polar molecules due to higher electro-negativity of oxygen relative to carbon in the carbonyl...
Arrange the following in the increasing order of their reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction. : $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3, \text{CH}_3\text{CHO}, \text{HCHO}, \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COCH}_3$
Why carboxylic acid does not give nucleophilic addition reactions like aldehydes and ketones ?
Write reasons for the following statements : (i) Benzoic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction. (ii) Oxidation of aldehydes is easier than that of ketones.
(a) (i) An organic compound (X) has the molecular formula $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{10}\text{O}$. Draw structures for (X) if it :
(I) does not give Tollen's test but gives a positive iodoform test.
(II) does not give Tollen's test and iodoform test but undergoes Aldol condensation.
(III) undergoes Canniz...
Give reasons for the following :
(a) Carboxylic acids have higher boiling point than alcohols of comparable molecular masses.
(b) Alpha ($\alpha$) hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature.
(c) Nucleophilic addition of ammonia and its derivatives does not occur with carbonyl group in s...
27. Write the reaction involved in
(a) Rosenmund's reduction
(b) Cannizzaro's reaction
(c) Hell -- Volhard -- Zelinsky reaction
An organic compound (A) with molecular formula $ ext{C}_3 ext{H}_5 ext{N}$ on reaction with $ ext{C}_6 ext{H}_5 ext{MgBr}$ followed by hydrolysis, gives a compound (B). Compound (B) forms an orange-red precipitate with 2,4-DNP reagent and does not give iodoform test. It neither reduces Tollens' or F...
(b) (i) Draw the structure of the semicarbazone of acetone.
(ii) Why are $\alpha$-hydrogen atoms of aldehydes and ketones acidic in nature ?
(iii) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity towards $\text{HCN}$ :
$\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3, \text{CH}_3\text{CHO}, (\text{C...
Alcohols and Phenols are acidic in nature. Electron withdrawing groups in phenol increase its acidic strength and electron releasing groups decrease it. Alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution with hydrogen halides to yield alkyl halides. Dehydration of alcohols gives alkenes. On oxidation, prima...
Assertion (A) : All aliphatic aldehydes give a positive Fehling's test.
Reason (R) : Aliphatic aldehydes are reduced by Fehling's reagent.
(a) From the compounds given below, identify which would undergo aldol condensation and which would undergo Cannizzaro reaction ? Cyclohexanone, Benzaldehyde, Methanal, 2-Methylpentanal
Organic compounds containing carbonyl group as the functional group are aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. The carbon-oxygen double bond is polarised due to higher electronegativity of oxygen as compared to carbon. Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition rea...
31. (a) (i) Complete the following reactions by writing the structure of the main products :
(I) Cyclohexanone + $ ext{H}_2 ext{NCONH} - ext{NH}_2 \longrightarrow$
(II) $( ext{CH}_3)_2 ext{Cd} + 2 ext{CH}_3 ext{COCl} \longrightarrow$
(III) Benzoyl chloride + $ ext{H}_2$ over $ ext{Pd} - ext{BaSO}_...
A compound (A) with molecular formula $ ext{C}_4 ext{H}_5 ext{N}$ on reduction with DIBAL-H followed by hydrolysis, gives a compound (B). Compound (B) gives positive Tollens' test but does not give iodoform test. Compound (B) can also be obtained when ethanal is treated with dilute $ ext{NaOH}$ foll...
(a) (i) Identify A, B and C in the following reactions :
$$\text{Toluene} + \text{CrO}_3 \xrightarrow{(\text{CH}_3\text{CO})_2\text{O}}{273-283\text{ K}} \text{A} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_3\text{O}^+} \text{B}$$
$$\text{B} \xrightarrow{\text{Conc. NaOH}} \text{C} + \text{Sodium benzoate}$$
(ii) Give...
Give reasons for the following :
(a) Benzoic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(b) $ ext{HCHO}$ is more reactive than $ ext{CH}_3 ext{CHO}$ towards addition of $ ext{HCN}$.
(c) Vinyl group directly attached with carboxylic acid should decrease the acidity of corresponding carboxylic aci...
Give plausible explanation for each of the following :
(a) Sodium hydrogen sulphite is used for separation and purification of aldehydes.
(b) 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone does not form cyanohydrin.
(c) Only one $-\text{NH}_2$ group of semicarbazide is involved in the formation of semicarbazone.
(b) (i) Carry out the following conversions :
(I) Propanone to Propane
(II) Acetophenone to Benzoic acid
(III) Benzyl chloride to Phenylethanoic acid
(ii) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(I) Benzaldehyde and Phenol
(II) Butanal and Butan-2-one
OR
(b) (i) Give reasons for the following :
(1) In semicarbazide, only one $-\text{NH}_2$ group is involved in the formation of semicarbazone.
(2) Acetaldehyde is more reactive than acetone towards addition of HCN.
Which of the following does not undergo Aldol condensation ?
(A) $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$
(B) $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$
(C) $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}$
(D) $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CHO}$
Account for the following :
(i) $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$ is more reactive than $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$ towards reaction with $\text{HCN}$.
(ii) Carboxylic acids are higher boiling liquids than aldehydes and ketones.
OR
Give reasons for the following : (a) Carboxylic carbon is less electrophilic than Carbonyl carbon of aldehydes and ketones. (b) Propanal is more reactive than Propanone towards addition of HCN.
(a) Draw structure of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde. (b) Which acid of the following pair is a stronger acid? $\text{F}_3\text{C} - \text{C}_6\text{H}_4 - \text{COOH}$ or $\text{H}_3\text{C} - \text{C}_6\text{H}_4 - \text{COOH}$. (c) Write the chemical equation involved in Rosenmund...
Why $\alpha$-hydrogen of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature ?
(a) What happens when
(i) Propanone is treated with $ ext{CH}_3 ext{MgBr}$ and then hydrolysed ?
(ii) Ethanal is treated with excess ethanol and acid ?
(iii) Methanal undergoes Cannizzaro reaction ?
OR
(b) Write the main product in the following reactions :
(i) $2 ext{CH}_3 ext{COCl} + ( ext{CH}_3)_...
Arrange the following in the increasing order of their property indicated : (a) Ethanal, Propanone, Propanal, Butanone (reactivity towards nucleophilic addition) (b) 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, benzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxy benzoic acid (Acid strength)
Explain the following reactions : (a) Wolff Kishner reduction (b) Cannizzaro reaction
(a) Complete the following : (i) $\text{CH}_3\text{CN} \xrightarrow[2. \text{H}_2\text{O}]{1. \text{AlH(i-Bu)}_2} \text{'A'} \xrightarrow[\text{H}^+]{\text{H}_2\text{N-OH}} \text{'B'}$ (ii) Write IUPAC name of the following compound: [Diagram of 3-bromobenzaldehyde] (iii) Write chemical test to dist...
(a) Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation ? Methanal, Benzaldehyde, Ethanal
Aspirin is obtained by acetylation of
(A) Phenol
(B) Salicylaldehyde
(C) 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
(D) Benzoic acid
Give reasons for the following :
(a) Carboxylic acids have higher boiling point than alcohols of comparable molecular masses.
(b) Alpha ($\\alpha$) hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature.
(c) Nucleophilic addition of ammonia and its derivatives does not occur with carbonyl group in ...
(ii) Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid :
(I) Acetophenone (II) Ethyl benzene
OR
(b) Answer the following questions :
(i) Draw structure of the 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hyzdrazone derivative of benzaldehyde.
(ii) Arrange the following in increasing order of their rea...
32. (a) (i) An organic compound (X) has the molecular formula $ ext{C}_5 ext{H}_{10} ext{O}$. Draw structures for (X) if it :
(I) does not give Tollen's test but gives a positive iodoform test.
(II) does not give Tollen's test and iodoform test but undergoes Aldol condensation.
(III) undergoes Canni...
How do you explain the presence of following in open structure of glucose ?
(a) all the six carbon atoms are in a straight chain.
(b) five $-\text{OH}$ groups which are attached to different carbon atoms.
(c) an aldehyde group.
31. (A) (a) How will you convert the following :
(i) Propanone to Propene
(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(iii) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
(b) (i) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity towards $ ext{HCN}$ :
$ ext{CH}_3
angle ext{C}= ext{O}$, $( ext{CH}_3)_3 ex...
27. Write the reaction involved in
(a) Rosenmund's reduction
(b) Cannizzaro's reaction
(c) Hell \u2013 Volhard \u2013 Zelinsky reaction
(A) (a) How will you convert the following :
(i) Propanone to Propene
(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(iii) Benzene to $\text{m-Nitroacetophenone}$
(b) (i) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity towards $\text{HCN}$ :
$\begin{array}{ccc}
\text{CH}_3 \\ \quad \\ \te...
(A) (a) How will you convert the following :
(i) Propanone to Propene
(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(iii) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
(b) (i) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity towards $ ext{HCN}$ :
$ ext{CH}_3 \diagdown ext{C} = ext{O}$, $( ext{CH}_3)_3...
Explain the following :
(a) Aldol condensation
(b) Rosenmund reduction
(c) Haloform reaction
Alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution with hydrogen halides to yield alkyl halides. Dehydration of alcohols gives alkenes. On oxidation, primary alcohols yield aldehydes with mild oxidising agents like $\text{CrO}_3$, $\text{PCC}$ and carboxylic acids with strong oxidising agents like acidified...
(a) (i) Give reasons for the following :
(I) The oxidation of aldehydes is easier than that of ketones.
(II) Carboxylic acids are stronger acids than simple phenols.
(III) Benzaldehyde does not undergo Aldol condensation.
(ii) Write a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs o...
(a) Give reasons for the following :
(i) Oxidation of propanal is easier than propanone.
(ii) There are two $-\text{NH}_2$ groups in semicarbazide. However, only one $-\text{NH}_2$ group is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.
(iii) $\text{HCHO}$ does not undergo aldol condensation reaction....
OR
(b) (i) Write the names of the product(s) formed when :
(I) Benzoyl chloride undergoes Rosenmund reduction.
(II) Ethanal is treated with $\text{CH}_3\text{MgBr}$, followed by hydrolysis.
(III) Benzaldehyde undergoes Cannizzaro's reaction.
An organic compound (A) with molecular formula $\text{C}_3\text{H}_5\text{N}$ on reaction with $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{MgBr}$ followed by hydrolysis, gives a compound (B). Compound (B) forms an orange-red precipitate with 2,4-DNP reagent and does not give iodoform test. It neither reduces Tollens...
(a) (i) Write the product(s) when :
(I) One $ ext{mol}$ of ethanal is treated with $1 ext{ mol}$ of $ ext{CH}_3 ext{OH}$ in the presence of dry $ ext{HCl}$ gas.
(II) Benzaldehyde is treated with conc. $ ext{NaOH}$.
(III) Ethanoic acid is heated in the presence of $ ext{P}_2 ext{O}_5$.
(ii) Write a s...
Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution containing $61 ext{ g}$ of benzoic acid (molar mass $= 122 ext{ g mol}^{-1}$) dissolved in $500 ext{ g}$ of benzene when the vapour pressure of pure benzene at this temperature of experiment is $66 ext{ torr}$. Assume complete dimerization of benzoic acid ...
Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution containing $61 ext{ g}$ of benzoic acid $( ext{molar mass} = 122 ext{ g mol}^{-1})$ dissolved in $500 ext{ g}$ of benzene when the vapour pressure of pure benzene at this temperature of experiment is $66 ext{ torr}$. Assume complete dimerization of benzoic...
Dehydration of tertiary alcohols with $\text{Cu}$ at $573\text{ K}$ gives :
(A) Ketones
(B) Alkenes
(C) Aldehydes
(D) Carboxylic acid
Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution containing $61\text{ g}$ of benzoic acid ($ ext{molar mass} = 122\text{ g mol}^{-1}$) dissolved in $500\text{ g}$ of benzene when the vapour pressure of pure benzene at this temperature of experiment is $66\text{ torr}$. Assume complete dimerization of ben...
How do you convert the following ?
(a) Acetophenone to Benzoic acid
(b) Acetonitrile to Acetone
(c) Benzoic acid to Benzene
(ii) Why is $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$ more reactive than acetone towards reaction with $\text{HCN}$ ?
(iii) Complete the equation :
$$\text{CH}_3 \text{CH}_3 \text{C} = \text{O} + \text{NH}_2 - \text{NH}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+}$$
OR
(b) An organic compound with the molecular formula $\text{C}_8...
Assertion (A) : All aliphatic aldehydes give a positive Fehling's test.\nReason (R) : Aliphatic aldehydes are reduced by Fehling's reagent.
How do you convert the following ?
(a) Toluene to Benzaldehyde
(b) Benzoyl chloride to Acetophenone
(c) Bromobenzene to Benzoic acid
OR
(b) An organic compound with the molecular formula $\text{C}_8\text{H}_8\text{O}$ forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens' reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation it gives Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound and write the reactions of compound 2,4-DNP a...
An organic compound with the molecular formula $ ext{C}_8 ext{H}_8 ext{O}$ forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens' reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation it gives Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound and write the reactions of compound 2,4-DNP and when it...
(b) An organic compound with the molecular formula $ ext{C}_9 ext{H}_{10} ext{O}$ forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens' reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous Oxidation, it gives phthalic acid. Identify the compound. Write the reaction of this compound with Tollens' reagent and ...
(a) (i) Give a chemical test to distinguish between benzaldehyde and ethanal.
(ii) Which of the given acids is stronger and why ?
$$\text{CH}_2\text{FCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH} \text{ or } \text{CH}_2\text{CHFCH}_2\text{COOH}$$
(iii) Complete the given equation :
$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOC}_2\text{H}_5 \xrightarrow{\text{H}_3\text{O}^+}$$
OR
(b) An organic compound with the molecular formula $\text{C}_9\text{H}_{10}\text{O}$ forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens' reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On v...
(a) (i) Give a chemical test to distinguish between Propanal and Propanone.
(ii) Which of the given acids is stronger and why ?
$\text{F}_3\text{C}-\langle \text{H} \rangle-\text{COOH}$ or $\text{H}_3\text{C}-\langle \text{H} \rangle-\text{COOH}$
(iii) Complete the given reaction sequence :
$\text{C...
Attempt either A or B
A. Answer the following questions:
I. Write the structure of expected product of Cannizaro reaction of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde.
II. How would the presence of $- ext{SO}_3 ext{H}$ group effect the basic strength of aniline.
III. Convert acetic acid to ethanamine.
IV. Write the ste...
Explain the following reactions with a suitable example :
(a) Cannizzaro's reaction
(b) Rosenmund's reduction
(c) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
(i) How can you convert each of the following compounds to Benzoic acid ?
(I) Bromobenzene
(II) Ethylbenzene
(III) Acetophenone
(ii) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated :
(I) $ ext{F}- ext{CH}_2- ext{COOH}$, $ ext{CH}_3 ext{COOH}$, $ ext{O}_2 ext{N}- ext{CH}_2 ext{COOH}$ (Acid strength)
(II) Ethanal, Propanone, Methanal (Reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions)
Explain the following reactions :
(a) Rosenmund's Reduction
(b) Cannizzaro's reaction
(c) Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction
OR
(B) (a) Explain Aldol Condensation with an example. Why alpha ($\alpha$) hydrogen of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature ?
(b) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between the following compounds :
(i) Benzoic acid and Benzaldehyde
(ii) Ethanal and Propanal
An aromatic compound 'A' with molecular formula $\text{C}_8\text{H}_8\text{O}$ gives positive $2,4-\text{DNP}$ test. It gives yellow precipitate of compound 'B' on treatment with sodium hypoiodite. Compound 'A' does not react with Tollen's or Fehling's reagent; on drastic oxidation with $\text{KMnO}...
A compound `A' with molecular formula $\text{C}_4\text{H}_8\text{O}$ gives positive 2,4-DNP test. It gives yellow precipitate of compound `B' on treatment with sodium hypoiodide. Compound `A' does not react with Tollen's or Fehling's reagent; on drastic oxidation with $\text{KMnO}_4$, it forms a car...
(a) (i) Complete the following reactions by writing the structure of the main products :
(I) cyclohexanone + $ ext{H}_2 ext{NCONH}- ext{NH}_2 \longrightarrow$
(II) $( ext{CH}_3)_2 ext{Cd} + 2 ext{CH}_3 ext{COCl} \longrightarrow$
(III) benzoyl chloride $\xrightarrow[ ext{Pd}- ext{BaSO}_4]{ ext{H}_2}$...
An aromatic compound 'A' with molecular formula $\text{C}_8\text{H}_8\text{O}$ gives positive 2,4-DNP test. It gives yellow precipitate of compound 'B' on treatment with sodium hypoiodite. Compound 'A' does not react with Tollen's or Fehling's reagent; on drastic oxidation with $\text{KMnO}_4$ it fo...
Which of the following aldehydes will undergo Cannizzaro reaction ?
(A) $\text{CH}_3 - \text{CH} - \text{CHO}$
$\phantom{(A) \text{CH}_3 -} \text{CH}_3$
(B) $(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{C CHO}$
(C) $\text{CH}_3 - \text{CH}_2 - \text{CHO}$
(D) $\text{CH}_3 - \text{CH} - \text{CH} - \text{CHO}$
$\phantom...
(a) How can acetaldehyde be prepared from acetyl chloride ?
(b) Propanal is more reactive than propanone towards nucleophilic addition reaction. Give reason.
An organic compound 'A' (molecular formula $\text{C}_8\text{H}_8\text{O}$) gives 2,4-DNP test. It does not give Tollen's test, but gives a yellow precipitate 'B' with $\text{NaOH}$ and $\text{I}_2$. On drastic oxidation, it gives a carboxylic acid 'C' with formula $\text{C}_7\text{H}_6\text{O}_2$. I...
Which of the following aldehydes will undergo Cannizzaro reaction ?
(A) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CHO}$
$\phantom{\text{(A) }}\vert$
$\phantom{\text{(A) }}\text{CH}_3$
(B) $(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{C CHO}$
(C) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CHO}$
(D) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CH}-\text{CHO}$
$\pha...
(b) Write an equation for Clemmensen reduction.
Which of the following aldehydes will undergo Cannizzaro reaction ?
(A) $\text{CH}_3 - \text{CH} - \text{CHO}$
$\qquad \text{ |}$
$\qquad \text{CH}_3$
(B) $(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{C CHO}$
(C) $\text{CH}_3 - \text{CH}_2 - \text{CHO}$
(D) $\text{CH}_3 - \text{CH} - \text{CH} - \text{CHO}$
$\qquad \quad \...
(a) Carboxylic acid is more acidic than phenol. Give reason.
(b) Give a chemical test to distinguish between benzaldehyde and acetophenone.
(ii) Give reasons for the following :
(I) Carboxylic acids do not give the characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.
(II) Ethanoic acid is a stronger acid than ethanol.
OR
(b) (i) Write the product(s) in the following reactions :
(I) $2\text{CH}_3\text{COOH} \xrightarrow[\text{heat}]{\text{P}...
A compound (A) with molecular formula $\text{C}_4\text{H}_5\text{N}$ on reduction with $\text{DIBAL-H}$ followed by hydrolysis, gives a compound (B). Compound (B) gives positive Tollens' test but does not give iodoform test. Compound (B) can also be obtained when ethanal is treated with dilute $\tex...
Give reasons for the following :
(a) Benzoic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(b) $\text{HCHO}$ is more reactive than $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$ towards addition of $\text{HCN}$.
(c) Vinyl group directly attached with carboxylic acid should decrease the acidity of corresponding carboxylic...
33. (a) (i) An organic compound (X) having molecular formula $ ext{C}_5 ext{H}_{10} ext{O}$ can show various properties depending on its structures. Draw each of the structures if :
(I) shows Cannizzaro reaction. $1$
(II) reduces Tollens' reagent and has a chiral carbon. $1$
(III) gives positive iod...
Anilinium hydrogen sulphate on heating at $453 - 473\text{ K}$ produces which of the following as a major product ?
(A) 2-aminobenzene sulphonic acid
(B) benzene sulphonic acid
(C) 2-aminobenzoic acid
(D) sulphanilic acid
(a) (i) An organic compound (X) having molecular formula $ ext{C}_5 ext{H}_{10} ext{O}$ can show various properties depending on its structures. Draw each of the structures if it :
(I) shows Cannizzaro reaction.
(II) reduces Tollens' reagent and has a chiral carbon.
(III) gives positive iodoform tes...
(ii) Write the reaction involved in the following :
(I) Clemmensen reduction
(II) Etard reaction
OR
(b) Answer the following questions :
(i) Draw structure of the methyl hemiacetal of methanal.
(ii) There are two $-\text{NH}_2$ groups in semicarbazide. However only one is involved in the formation...
(a) (i) An organic compound 'P' ($\text{C}_8\text{H}_{10}\text{O}$) on oxidation gave compound 'Q'. The compound 'Q' can also be obtained from a reaction of benzene with acetyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous $\text{AlCl}_3$. 'Q' on treatment with $\text{I}_2$ in aq. $\text{NaOH}$ gave 'R' and...
(a) (ii) Give the structure(s) of the product(s) when benzaldehyde is heated in the presence of conc. $\text{KOH}$.
Give plausible explanation for each of the following :
(a) Propanal is more reactive towards addition of $\text{HCN}$ than propanone.
(b) Alpha ($\alpha$)-hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature.
(c) A base has to be added for an effective reaction of carbonyl compounds with $\text{H...
(a) (i) An organic compound 'P' ($ ext{C}_8 ext{H}_{10} ext{O}$) on oxidation gave compound 'Q'. The compound 'Q' can also be obtained from a reaction of benzene with acetyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous $ ext{AlCl}_3$. 'Q' on treatment with $ ext{I}_2$ in aq. $ ext{NaOH}$ gave 'R' and a yel...
When $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOCH}_3$ is treated with $\text{H}_2\text{O}$, the product obtained is :<br><br>a. Benzoic acid and ethanol<br>b. Benzoic acid and ethanoic acid<br>c. Acetic Acid and phenol<br>d. Benzoic anhydride and methanol
c. Convert: (i) Toluene to 3-nitrobenzoic acid. (ii) Benzene to m-nitroacetophenone.
OR a. Out of formic acid and acetic acid, which one will give the HVZ reaction? Give a suitable reason in support of your answer and write the chemical reaction involved.
Iodoform test is given by
(A) Propanol
(B) Ethyl chloride
(C) Pentanal
(D) Pentan-2-one
(a) Write short notes on the following : (i) Wolff-Kishner Reduction (ii) Aldol Condensation (iii) Rosenmund Reduction (iv) Cannizzaro Reaction (v) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction OR (b) (i) What happens when (1) $\text{CH}_3\text{COCl}$ is treated with $(\text{CH}_3)_2 \text{Cd}$, (2) $\text{CH}_3\t...
(ii) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds : (1) Acetophenone and Propiophenone (2) Pentanal and Pentan-3-one OR (b) (i) Give reasons for the following : (1) In semicarbazide, only one $-\text{NH}_2$ group is involved in the formation of semicarbazone. (2...
Write the reaction involved in Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction.
(b) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pair of compounds :
(i) Propanal and Propanone
(ii) Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid
How will you bring about the following conversions ?
(I) Propanone to Propene
(II) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(III) Ethanal to But-2-enal
(b) (i) Identify the products A, B, C and D in the following sequence of reactions:
CH$_{3}$CHO $\xrightarrow{[O]}$ A $\xrightarrow{PCl_{5}}$ B $\xrightarrow{(CH_{3})_{2}Cd}$ C $\xrightarrow{Zn - Hg/Conc. HCl}$ D
(ii) How will you bring about the following conversions?
(I) Propanone to Propene
(...
Which of the following does not undergo Aldol condensation ?
(A) $\text{HCHO}$
(B) $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}$
(C) $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$
(D) $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$
(a) Account for the following :
(i) $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$ is more reactive than $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$ towards reaction with HCN.
(ii) Carboxylic acids are higher boiling liquids than aldehydes and ketones.
OR
(b) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pair of compounds :
(i)...
(a) (ii) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their acidic strength : (I) $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}$, $\text{BrCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}$, $\text{CH}_3\text{CHBrCH}_2\text{COOH}$, $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CHBrCOOH}$ (II) Benzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic...
(b) (ii) How will you bring about the following conversions ? (I) Propanone to Propene (II) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde (III) Ethanal to But-2-enal
Which of the following compounds is most reactive towards nucleophilic addition reactions ?
(A) $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$
(B) $\text{CH}_3 - \text{CO} - \text{CH}_3$
(C) Benzaldehyde (as a benzene ring with a $\text{CHO}$ group attached)
(D) Acetophenone (as a benzene ring with a $\text{COCH}_3$ group...
Assertion (A) : Bromination of benzoic acid gives m-bromobenzoic acid.
Reason (R) : Carboxyl group acts as a deactivating and meta-directing group.
Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions onto the carbonyl group but carboxylic acids do not undergo nucleophilic addition reaction. The alpha ($\alpha$)-hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature. Therefore aldehydes and ketones having at least one $\alpha$-hydroge...
Which of the following does not give aldol condensation reaction ?
(a) $\text{CH}_3\text{—CHO}$
(b) Cyclohexane ring attached to $\text{—CHO}$
(c) Benzene ring attached to $\text{—CHO}$
(d) $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Strong oxidising agents oxidise toluene and its derivatives to benzoic acids.
Reason (R): It is possible to stop the oxidation of toluene at the aldehyde stage with suitable reagents.
Select the most appropriate a...
(a) Out of p-tolualdehyde and p-nitrobenzaldehyde, which one is more reactive towards nucleophilic addition reactions, why?
(b) Write the structure of the product formed when acetone reacts with 2,4 DNP reagent.
OR
Convert the following:
(a) Benzene to m-nitrobenzaldehyde
(b) Bromobenzene to benzoic...
(a) Write the chemical equations for the following reactions: (i) Rosenmund reduction (ii) Cannizzaro's reaction (b) Draw the structure of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of acetaldehyde. (c) Give a chemical test to distinguish between propanal and propanone. OR (a) Write the product formed when: (i) Pro...
Aldehydes and ketones react with hydroxylamine to form
(a) hydrazones
(b) cyanohydrins
(c) semicarbazones
(d) Oxime
Do the following conversions in not more than two steps :
(a) $\text{CH}_3\text{CN}$ to $\text{CH}_3 - \text{C} - \text{CH}_3$
$||$
$\text{O}$
(b) $\text{Benzoic Acid}$ to $\text{Benzene}$
The carbon - oxygen double bond is polarised in aldehydes and ketones due to higher electronegativity of oxygen relative to carbon. Therefore they undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with a number of nucleophiles such as $\text{HCN}$, $\text{NaHSO}_3$, alcohols, ammonia derivatives and Grignard ...
Give reasons :
(a) Oxidation of aldehydes is easier than that of ketones.
(b) Carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol.
(a) 'A' and 'B' are two functional isomers of compound $\text{C}_3\text{H}_6\text{O}$. On heating with $\text{NaOH}$ and $\text{I}_2$, isomer 'B' forms yellow precipitate of iodoform whereas isomer 'A' does not form any precipitate. Identify 'A' and 'B'. (b) Give reasons for the following : (i) Carb...
The reactivities of the carbonyl compounds $\text{HCHO}$ (I), $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$ (II) and $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$ (III) towards nucleophilic addition reaction decreases in the order :
(a) $\text{III} > \text{II} > \text{I}$
(b) $\text{I} > \text{II} > \text{III}$
(c) $\text{II} > \text{III} ...
(b) (i) How can you convert each of the following compounds to Benzoic acid?
(1) Acetophenone
(2) Ethylbenzene
(3) Bromobenzene
(ii) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:
(1) $\text{O}_2\text{N}-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH}, \text{F}-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH}, ...
Sodium phenoxide when heated with $\text{CO}_2$ under pressure, followed by acidification, yields:
(a) Sodium benzoate
(b) Salicylic acid
(c) Salicylaldehyde
(d) Benzoic acid
A compound (A) with molecular formula $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{10}\text{O}$, forms a phenyl hydrazone and gives negative Tollens' and iodoform tests. The compound on reduction gives n-pentane. The compound (A) is :
(a) Pentan-3-one
(b) Pentanal
(c) Pentanol
(d) Pentan-2-one
(i) How can you convert each of the following compounds to Benzoic acid? (1) Acetophenone (2) Ethylbenzene (3) Bromobenzene (ii) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: (1) $\text{O}_2\text{N} - \text{CH}_2 - \text{COOH}$, $\text{F} - \text{CH}_2 - \text{C...
Give reasons :
(a) Formic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
(b) Alpha ($\alpha$)-Hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic.
(ii) Write the reaction involved in the following : (1) Wolff-Kishner reduction (2) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
OR (b) (i) How can you convert each of the following compounds to Benzoic acid ? (1) Acetophenone (2) Ethylbenzene (3) Bromobenzene (ii) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated : (1) $\text{O}_2\text{N} - \text{CH}_2 - \text{COOH}$, $\text{F} - \text{CH}_2 ...
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CHO} + \text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3 \xrightarrow{\text{OH}^-, \Delta} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH} = \text{CH} - \text{COCH}_3$. This reaction is known as : (a) Aldol condensation (b) Cross-Aldol condensation (c) Cannizzaro's reaction (d) Friedel-Crafts reaction
(b) Do the following conversions in not more than two steps : (i) Toluene to Benzoic acid (ii) Benzaldehyde to 1-Phenylethanol
If benzoic acid ($\text{M} = 122 \text{ g mol}^{-1}$) is associated into a dimer when dissolved in benzene and the osmotic pressure of a solution of $6\cdot1 \text{ g}$ of benzoic acid in $100 \text{ mL}$ benzene is $6\cdot5 \text{ atm}$ at $27^{\circ}\text{C}$, then what is the percentage associati...
The reaction $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_3 \xrightarrow{1. \text{CrO}_2\text{Cl}_2/\text{CS}_2, 2. \text{H}_3\text{O}^+} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CHO}$ is known as : (a) Cannizzaro reaction (b) Etard reaction (c) Rosenmund reduction (d) Aldol condensation
(a) Write the products of the following reactions :
(i) Benzaldehyde + $\text{Conc. NaOH} \xrightarrow{\Delta}$
(ii) Cyclopentanone + $\text{H}_2\text{NNH} - \text{CO} - \text{NH}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+} \text{OR}$
(b) Do the following conversions in not more than two steps :
(i) Toluene to Benzo...
If benzoic acid (M = 122 g mol$^{-1}$) is associated into a dimer when dissolved in benzene and the osmotic pressure of a solution of 6.1 g of benzoic acid in 100 mL benzene is 6.5 atm at 27°C, then what is the percentage association of benzoic acid ? (Given : R = 0.0821 L atm K$^{-1}$ mol$^{-1}$)
(a) Draw structure of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde. (b) Which acid of the following pair is a stronger acid? F_3C-C_6H_4-COOH or H_3C-C_6H_4-COOH (c) Write the chemical equation involved in Rosenmund's reduction. (d) Why are $\alpha$-hydrogen atoms of aldehydes and ketones acidic i...
(a) Write the products of the following reactions :
(i) Benzaldehyde with $\text{Conc. NaOH}$ over $\Delta$.
(ii) Cyclopentanone + $\text{H}_2\text{NNH} - \text{CO} - \text{NH}_2$ over $\text{H}^+$.
OR
(b) Do the following conversions in not more than two steps :
(i) Toluene to Benzoic acid
(ii) Ben...
If benzoic acid (M = 122 $\text{g mol}^{-1}$) is associated into a dimer when dissolved in benzene and the osmotic pressure of a solution of 6.1 g of benzoic acid in 100 mL benzene is 6.5 atm at 27°C, then what is the percentage association of benzoic acid ? (Given : R = 0.0821 $\text{L atm K}^{-1} ...
Assertion (A) : Acetic acid but not formic acid can be halogenated in presence of red P and $\text{Cl}_2$. Reason (R) : Acetic acid is a weaker acid than formic acid.
(i) Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethanal acid and ethanoic acid.
(ii) Why is the $\alpha$-hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature ?
(iii) An organic compound 'A' with molecular formula $\text{C}_4\text{H}_8\text{O}_2$ undergoes acid hydrolysis to form two compounds 'B'...
Assertion (A) : Bromination of benzoic acid gives m-bromobenzoic acid.
Reason (R) : Carboxyl group increases the electron density at the meta position.
(b) OR (i) Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethanal and ethanoic acid. (ii) Why is the $\alpha$-hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature ? (iii) An organic compound 'A' with molecular formula $\text{C}_4\text{H}_8\text{O}_2$ undergoes acid hydrolysis to form two compounds '...
Assertion (A) : The final product in Aldol condensation is always $\alpha, \beta$-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
Reason (R) : $\alpha, \beta$-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are stabilised due to conjugation.
(a) Why is $\text{pK}_a$ of $\text{ClCH}_2\text{COOH}$ lower than the $\text{pK}_a$ value of $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$ ?
(b) Write the chemical equation for Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction.
(a) Why is F-CH$_2$COOH a stronger acid than CH$_3$COOH?
(b) Write the chemical equation for Wolff-Kishner reduction.
Clemmensen Reduction of aldehydes and ketonic carbonyl groups into methylene group is effected by the reagent :
(a) $\text{H}_2, \text{Pd}$
(b) $\text{LiAlH}_4$
(c) $\text{Zn-Hg}, \text{conc. HCl}$
(d) $\text{NH}_2 - \text{NH}_2, \text{KOH}$
(a) (i) Write the products formed when Methanal reacts with the following : (1) Concentrated $ ext{NaOH}$ (2) Semicarbazide/weak acid (3) $ ext{CH}_3 ext{MgBr}/ ext{H}_2 ext{O}$ (ii) Write the reaction involved in (1) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction, and (2) Decarboxylation reaction
(b) (i) How will you convert the following ? (1) Toluene to Benzaldehyde (2) Acetyl chloride to Ethanol (ii) Write a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds : (1) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one (2) Benzoic acid and Benzaldehyde (c) Chloroacetic acid is more acidic...
(i) Why $\alpha$-hydrogen of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature? (ii) Write the products in the following : $2 \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CHO} \xrightarrow{\text{Conc. NaOH}}$
(a) Write the equation involved in the following reactions : (i) Rosenmund reduction (ii) Etard reaction (iii) Stephen reaction
(a) Write the equations involved in the following reactions :
(i) Cannizzaro reaction
(ii) Aldol condensation
(iii) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
OR
(b) (i) Which acid of each pair would you expect to be stronger ? Give reason.
(I) $ ext{F}- ext{CH}_2- ext{COOH}$ or $ ext{Cl}- ext{CH}_2- ext{COOH...
(a) Write the major products in the following :
(i) Benzaldehyde $\xrightarrow[273-283\text{ K}]{\text{HNO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4}$
(ii) Sodium cyclohexane carboxylate $+ \text{NaOH} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{CaO}}$
(iii) $\text{CH}_3 - \text{C} = \text{O} \text{ (with H below)} + \text{NH}_2\t...
Which of the following tests/ reactions is given by aldehydes as well as ketones?
a. Fehling’s test
b. Tollen’s test
c. 2,4 DNP test
d. Cannizzaro reaction
The oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde by chromyl chloride is called
a. Etard reaction
b. Riemer-Tiemann reaction
c. Stephen's reaction
d. Cannizzaro's reaction
Write the reaction and IUPAC name of the product formed when 2-Methylpropanal (isobutyraldehyde) is treated with ethyl magnesium bromide followed by hydrolysis.
34. A hydrocarbon (A) with molecular formula $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{10}$ on ozonolysis gives two products (B) and (C). Both (B) and (C) give a yellow precipitate when heated with iodine in presence of NaOH while only (B) give a silver mirror on reaction with Tollen’s reagent.
a. Identify (A), (B) and ...
OR (b) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated : (i) $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}, \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}, \text{CH}_3 - \text{C}(=\text{O}) - \text{CH}_2 - \text{CH}_3, \text{CH}_3 - \text{C}(=\text{O}) - \text{CH}_3$ (Reactivity towards $\text{HCN}$) ...
Predict the reagent for carrying out the following transformations : (Any two)
(i) Benzoyl chloride to Benzaldehyde
(ii) Ethanal to $3\text{-hydroxy butanal}$
(iii) Ethanoic acid to $2\text{-chloroethanoic acid}$
(a) (i) Which acid of the following pair would you expect to be stronger ?
$ ext{F}- ext{CH}_2- ext{COOH}$ or $ ext{CH}_3- ext{COOH}$
(ii) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points :
$ ext{CH}_3 ext{CH}_2 ext{OH}$, $ ext{CH}_3- ext{CHO}$, $ ext{CH}_3- ext{COOH}$
(ii...
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated in bracket : (Any two)
(i) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CHO}$, $\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_3$, $\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{CH}_3$ (reactivity towards $\text{HCN}$)
(ii) $\text{CCl}_3-\text{COOH}$, $\text{CF}_3-\tex...
(a) What happens when (i) Propanone is treated with $\text{CH}_3\text{MgBr}$ and then hydrolysed ? (ii) Ethanal is treated with excess ethanol and acid ? (iii) Methanal undergoes Cannizzaro reaction ?
(a) (i) Which acid of the following pair would you expect to be stronger ? $\text{F}-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH}$ or $\text{CH}_3-\text{COOH}$ (ii) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points : $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}, \text{CH}_3-\text{CHO}, \text{CH}_3-\text{CO...
OR (b) (i) Which will undergo faster nucleophilic addition reaction ? Acetaldehyde or Propanone (ii) What is the composition of Fehling's reagent ? (iii) Draw structure of the semicarbazone of Ethanal.
Write the products formed when benzaldehyde reacts with the following reagents (Any two) : (i) $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$ in presence of dilute $\text{NaOH}$ (ii) $\text{H}_2\text{N-OH}$ in presence of weak acid (iii) Tollen's reagent
The conductivity of 0.001M acetic acid is $7.8 \times 10^{-5} \text{ S cm}^{-1}$. Calculate its degree of dissociation if $\Lambda^\circ\text{m}$ for acetic acid is 390 $\text{S cm}^2 \text{ mol}^{-1}$.
(a) (i) Which acid of the following pair would you expect to be stronger? $ ext{F-CH}_2 ext{-COOH}$ or $ ext{CH}_3 ext{-COOH}$ (ii) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points: $ ext{CH}_3 ext{CH}_2 ext{OH}$, $ ext{CH}_3 ext{-CHO}$, $ ext{CH}_3 ext{-COOH}$ (iii) Give ...
Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their property indicated : (Any two) (i) Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetophenone, Acetone (Reactivity towards $\text{HCN}$) (ii) $(\text{CH}_3)_2\text{CHCOOH}$, $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{Br})\text{COOH}$, $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}(...
Give reasons for the following statements : (Any two) (i) Benzaldehyde is less reactive than propanal in nucleophilic addition reactions. (ii) Carboxylic acids do not give reactions of carbonyl group. (iii) 4-nitrobenzoic acid is a stronger acid than benzoic acid.
(i) $(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{C} - \text{CHO}$ does not undergo aldol condensation. Why ?
(ii) Distinguish between Acetophenone and Benzophenone with the help of a chemical test.
Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their property indicated: (i) Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetophenone, Acetone (Reactivity towards HCN) (ii) $(\text{CH}_3)_2\text{CHCOOH}$, $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{Br})\text{COOH}$, $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{Br})\text{CH}_...
Explain the following reactions : (a) Clemmensen reduction (b) Stephen reaction
(a) Complete the following : (i) $\text{CH}_3\text{CN} \xrightarrow[2. \text{H}_2\text{O}]{1. \text{AlH(i-Bu)}_2} \text{'A'} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{N-OH}}{\text{H}^+} \text{'B'}$ (ii) Write IUPAC name of the following compound: (Image of a benzene ring with a CHO group and a Br group at the me...
(d) (ii) Write the chemical reactions for the following : (I) Clemensen reduction (II) HVZ reaction
(a) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their boiling points : $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3, \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}, \text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$
(b) Write the IUPAC name of the given compound : (Image of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)
OR (ii) Write the chemical reactions for the following : (I) Clemensen reduction (II) HVZ reaction
(a) Give reasons for the following :
(i) In semicarbazide, there are two -NH_{2} groups, but only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.
(ii) Carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol.
(iii) α-hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature.
OR
(b) An organic compound (A) w...
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow : Aldehydes differ from ketones in their oxidation reactions. Aldehydes are easily oxidised to carboxylic acids on treatment with common oxidising agents like nitric acid, $ ext{KMnO}_4$, $ ext{K}_2 ext{Cr}_2 ext{O}_7$, etc. Even mild...
(ii) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction : Ethanal, Acetone, Propanal, Acetophenone
(iv) (a) Write the major product in the following reactions :
(I) $\text{Cyclohexanol} \xrightarrow{\text{CrO}_3} ?$
(II) $\text{Benzaldehyde} \xrightarrow{\text{HCN}} ?$
(b) How will you bring about the following conversions ?
(I) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(II) Propan-2-ol to Propanone
Write the chemical equations involved in the following reactions :
(i) Clemmensen reduction
(ii) Rosenmund reduction
(a) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions : Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone
(b) Why does Benzaldehyde not undergo aldol condensation ?
(c) Write a simple chemical test to distinguish between Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one.