Reduce carbohydrates, increase protein to check diabetes, older people may need greater carbohydrates reduction. An average Indian derives $61 - 64%$ of energy from consumption of food rich in carbohydrates. A study published in the Journal of Diabetes Care has recommended reducing this to $49 - 56%$ for remission or prevention of Type 2 diabetes, one of the leading cause of death worldwide. Along with reducing carbohydrate intake, the study suggests that one should also increase protein intake up to $14 - 20%$ of the total energy consumption. Fat should contribute not more than $21 - 27%$ of the total energy consumption. In simple words, $50%$ of the plate should consist of fruits and green vegetables, $25%$ carbohydrates, $25%$ food rich in protein. Type 1 diabetes is due to deficiency of insulin. Answer the following questions : (a) Write any two functions of carbohydrates. (b) What are monosaccharides ? (c) (i) Write the name of the deficiency diseases caused due to the lack of Vitamin D. OR (c) (ii) Name the hormone which maintains the glucose level within narrow limit in the blood.